Tootla, Hafsah Deepa, and Mark Patrick Nicol, “Preventing Tuberculosis-Related Death in Children with HIV,” The Lancet HIV (November 2017), doi:10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30208-4

URL: www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(17)30208-4/fulltext?elsca1=etoc

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In 2015 there were an estimated 1 million new cases of tuberculosis in children. During 2010, it was estimated that in some sub-Saharan countries with high HIV prevalence, more than 20% of tuberculosis cases occurred in children. In a meta-analysis, the pooled case fatality ratio in HIV-infected children receiving tuberculosis treatment but not antiretroviral therapy (ART) was 14·3%, compared to 3·4% in individuals receiving both tuberculosis treatment and ART. Marcy and colleagues describe high mortality (19%) in ART-naive HIV-infected children presenting for care with suspected intrathoracic tuberculosis.