Knoche, Jonathan W. “Health Concerns and Ethical Considerations Regarding International Surrogacy.” International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 126, no.2 (2014): 183-186. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.03.020

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Abstract:

Since the advent of IVF, various arrangements for child bearing and rearing have developed. With the confluence of advanced medical technology, reproductive choice, and globalization, a market in international surrogacy has flourished. However, myriad health, social, and ethical concerns abound regarding the well-being of gestational carriers and children, the infringement of autonomy and free choice, and threats to human dignity. The present paper examines the scope, health risks, and ethical concerns of cross-border surrogacy, arguing that the risks may not exceed the benefits.

Jonathan Knoche provides an excellent overview of the ethical problems associated with international surrogacy, including the commodification of the womb and the potential exploitation of the surrogate.